One of the oldest and most widespread metrics measuring the prevalence of programming languages is the TIOBI index. According to it, the most widespread languages in July 2019 (in descending order of popularity) were: Java, C, Python, C++, C#, Visual Basic .NET, JavaScript, PHP, SQL, etc. Although this index has been referenced many times, we will treat it in its place, as it is "only" based on the results of various search engines. Here, the presence of Visual Basic .NET and the less strong position of JavaScript may be surprising.
Similar to this is the PYPL popularity site, which compiles its list based on how often people search for language-related tutorials in Google. Their July 2019 list also includes the aforementioned languages, but in a different order: Python, Java, JavaScript, C#, PHP, C/C++ (collected here), etc.
GitHub's 2018 statistics are perhaps more professional, although they primarily focus on open source projects. JavaScript is first here, followed by Java, Python, PHP, then C++ and C#. There may be no surprises in the popularity list of languages here, but there are in other areas, for example, the company with the most contributors is Microsoft. In fact, most developers worked on Microsoft's free, open source Visual Studio Code development tool. The most or most widespread projects are seen in the following topics: web frameworks (e.g. React, Angular), machine learning, deep learning, containerization/cloud technologies, mobile development, blockchain.
According to the 2019 survey of the popular and widely used StackOverflow website, JavaScript leads, followed by HTML/CSS, SQL, Python, Java, various shell languages, C#, PHP. There are a few things to note here: HTML/CSS and shell languages are included here because StackOverflow has grouped different languages under one umbrella (scripting and markup languages), while the others focus exclusively on programming languages. The other is that SQL's high position is probably realistic, since it appears in most business projects, and most programmers have SQL knowledge in addition to their primary language.
In addition, of course, there are many other analyses, statistics, and questionnaires, but practically everywhere these languages were at the top: JavaScript, Python, Java, C#, C, C++, PHP.
We would definitely highlight the C#, C, and C++ languages, because although their names may be similar, they are very different in their foundations, principles, and areas of use...
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